Vertigo? Dizziness? Physio can help !
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Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibular disorder that leads to episodes of vertigo. Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or dizziness, and BPPV specifically is triggered by changes in head position. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making everyday activities challenging and uncomfortable.
What is BPPV?
BPPV occurs when tiny calcium carbonate crystals, known as otoconia, become dislodged from their usual location in the utricle of the inner ear and migrate into the semi-circular canals. These canals are part of the vestibular system, which helps control balance and spatial orientation. When these crystals move within the fluid-filled semi-circular canals, they disrupt the normal movement of fluid, leading to false signals being sent to the brain. This results in the sensation of vertigo.
Symptoms of BPPV
The hallmark symptom of BPPV is vertigo, which is often described as a spinning sensation. This can be triggered by specific changes in head position, such as looking up, lying down, or turning over in bed. Other symptoms may include:
Dizziness
A sense of imbalance
Nausea
Vomiting
Lightheadedness
Diagnosis
BPPV is typically diagnosed based on the patient's medical history and a physical examination. The most common test used to diagnose BPPV is the Dix-Hallpike maneuver. During this test, the patient is quickly moved from a sitting position to a lying position with their head turned to one side. The healthcare provider observes the patient's eyes for a specific type of involuntary eye movement called nystagmus, which indicates the presence of BPPV.
Treatment with the Epley Maneuver
The Epley maneuver is a highly effective treatment for BPPV and is commonly performed by physiotherapists. The goal of this maneuver is to move the dislodged crystals out of the semi-circular canals and back into the utricle, where they can no longer cause symptoms.
Steps of the Epley Maneuver:
Starting Position: The patient sits upright on an examination table with their legs extended.
First Rotation: The physiotherapist helps the patient quickly lie back with their head turned 45 degrees to the affected side and tilted slightly downward. This position is held for about 30 seconds.
Second Rotation: The patient's head is then turned 90 degrees to the opposite side and held for another 30 seconds.
Third Rotation: The patient’s head and body are turned another 90 degrees to the same side, so they are lying on their side, facing the floor. This position is held for 30 seconds.
Returning to Sitting: Finally, the patient is brought back up to a sitting position.
Role of Physiotherapists
Physiotherapists play a crucial role in the management of BPPV. They are trained to perform the Epley maneuver and other repositioning maneuvers effectively. Additionally, physiotherapists provide patients with education on how to manage their symptoms and prevent future episodes. This may include instructions on how to avoid certain head positions that trigger vertigo and exercises to improve balance and stability.
BPPV is a common and often debilitating condition, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, it can be effectively managed. The Epley maneuver, performed by skilled physiotherapists, is a highly effective treatment that can provide immediate relief from vertigo.
If you have dizziness or have been diagnosed with BPPV, give us a call on 0402 832 329 or click here to book in a session with us. :)
